Audio Technique Overview

Posted on Sun 29 May 2016 in audio

Audio_Overivew

声音是气压形成的波, 波的形状,频率和振幅不同, 我们所听到的声音就会不一样.

声音是和文本, 图像一样, 是最基础交流媒介, 其重要性自不必说.

音视频相关参考规范

  • RFC 2029 RTP Payload Format of Sun's CellB Video Encoding

  • RFC 2032 RTP Payload Format for H.261 Video Streams

  • RFC 2190 RTP Payload Format for H.263 Video Stream

  • RFC 2198 RTP Payload Format for Redundant Audio Data

  • RFC 2250 RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video

  • RFC 2326 Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)*

  • RFC 2423 VPIM Voice Message MIME Sub-type Registration

  • RFC 2327 SDP: Session Description Protocol*

  • RFC 2343 RTP Payload Format for Bundled MPEG

  • RFC 2354 Options for Repair of Streaming Media

  • RFC 2429 RTP Payload Format for the 1998 Version of ITU-T Rec. H.263 Video (H.263+)

  • RFC 2431 RTP Payload Format for BT.656 Video Encoding

  • RFC 2435 RTP Payload Format for J-PEG Compressed Video

  • RFC 2542 Terminology Goals for Internet Fax*

  • RFC 2658 RTP Payload Format for PureVoice (tm) Audio

  • RFC 2719 Framework Architecture for Signalling Transport*

  • RFC 2733 An RTP Payload Format for Generic Forward Error Correction

  • RFC 2736 Guidelines for Writers of RTP Payload Format Specifications*

  • RFC 2793 RTP Payload Format for Text Conversation

  • RFC 2805 MGCP Architecture and Requirements*

  • RFC 2833 RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals*

  • RFC 2848 The PINT Service Protocol: Extensions to SIP and SDP for IP Access to Telephone Call Services*

  • RFC 2862 RTP Payload Format for Real-time Pointers

  • RFC 2871 A Framework for Telephony Routing over IP*

  • RFC 2879 Content Feature Schema for Internet Fax (V2)*

  • RFC 2880 Internet Fax T.30 Feature Mapping*

  • RFC 2897 Proposal for an MGCP Advanced Audio Package*

  • RFC 2959 Real-Time Transport Protocol Management Information Base (RTP MIB)*

  • RFC 2960 Stream Control Transmission Protocol

  • RFC 2974 Session Announcement Protocol*

  • RFC 2976 The SIP INFO Method*

  • RFC 3016 RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams

  • RFC 3261 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol*

  • RFC 3265 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event Notification*

  • RFC 3309 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Checksum Change

  • RFC 3435 Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) v1*

  • RFC 3550 RTP A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications*

  • RFC 3551 RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control

  • RFC 3555 MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats

  • RFC 3556 Session Description Protocol (SDP) Bandwidth Modifiers for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Bandwidth

  • RFC 3557 RTP Payload Format for European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) European Standard ES 201 108 Distributed Speech Recognition Encoding

  • RFC 3558 RTP Payload Format for Enhanced Variable Rate Codecs (EVRC) and Selectable Mode Vocoders (SMV)

  • RFC 3603 Private Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Proxy-to-Proxy Extensions for Supporting the PacketCable Distributed Call Signaling Architecture

  • RFC 3605 Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) Attribute in Session Description Protocol (SDP)

  • RFC 3611 RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)

  • RFC 3660 Basic Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Packages*

  • RFC 3661 Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Return Code Usage*

  • RFC 3663 Domain Administrative Data in Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)*

  • RFC 3665 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Basic Call Flow Examples*

  • RFC 3666 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Call Flows

  • RFC 3673 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol version 3 (LDAPv3)*

  • RFC 3674 Feature Discovery in Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)*

  • RFC 3680 A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Package for Registrations*

  • RFC 3687 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and X.500 Component Matching Rules

  • RFC 3690 IP Telephony Requirements for Emergency Telecommunication Service (ETS)

  • RFC 3698 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): Additional Matching Rules

  • RFC 3702 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Requirements for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)*

  • RFC 3703 Policy Core Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Schema

  • RFC 3761 The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM)

  • RFC 3762 Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) Service Registration for H.323

  • RFC 3764 Enumservice Registration for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Addresses-of-Record*

  • RFC 3771 The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Intermediate Response Message

  • RFC 3773 High-Level Requirements for Internet Voice Mail

  • RFC 3801 Voice Profile for Internet Mail - Version 2 (VPIMv2)

  • RFC 3802 Toll Quality Voice - 32 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) MIME Sub-type Registration

  • RFC 3804 Voice Profile for Internet Mail (VPIM) Addressing

  • RFC 3824 Using E.164 Numbers with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)*

  • RFC 3939 Calling Line Identification for Voice Mail Messages

  • RFC 3991 Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Redirect and Reset Package

  • RFC 4024 Voice Messaging Client Behaviour

  • RFC 4237 Voice Messaging Directory Service

  • RFC 4238 Voice Message Routing Service

  • RFC 4239 Internet Voice Messaging (IVM)

  • RFC 4458 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) URIs for Applications, such as Voicemail and Interactive Voice Response (IVR)

  • RFC Quality of Service RFCs

  • RFC

  • RFC This is a list of RFCs relevant to QoS:

  • RFC 1046 Queuing Algorithm to Provide Type-Of-Service (ToS) for IP links

  • RFC 1102 Policy Routing in Internet protocols*

  • RFC 1104 Models of policy based routing

  • RFC 1363 A Proposed Flow Specification

  • RFC 1821 Integration of Real-time Services in an IP-ATM Network Architecture*

  • RFC 2123 Traffic Flow Measurement: Experiences with NeTraMet

  • RFC 2205 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Functional Specification*

  • RFC 2206 RSVP Management Information Base (MIB) using SMIv2

  • RFC 2207 RSVP Extensions for IPSec Data Flows

  • RFC 2208 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Applicability Statement; Some Guidelines on Deployment*

  • RFC 2209 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Message Processing Rules

  • RFC 2210 The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services*

  • RFC 2212 Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS)

  • RFC 2215 General Characterization Parameters for Integrated Services Network Elements*

  • RFC 2216 Network Element Service Specification Template

  • RFC 2309 Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet

  • RFC 2330 Framework for IP Performance Metrics

  • RFC 2379 RSVP over ATM Implementation Guidelines

  • RFC 2380 RSVP over ATM Implementation Requirements

  • RFC 2382 A framework for Integrated Services and RSVP over ATM*

  • RFC 2386 A Framework for QoS-based Routing in the Internet

  • RFC 2430 A Provider Architecture for Differentiated Services and Traffic Engineering (PASTE)

  • RFC 2474 Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers

  • RFC 2475 An Architecture for Differentiated Service*

  • RFC 2490 A Simulation Model for IP Multicast with RSVP

  • RFC 2676 QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions

  • RFC 2720 Traffic Flow Measurement: Meter MIB

  • RFC 2721 RTFM: Applicability Statement

  • RFC 2722 Traffic Flow Measurement: Architecture

  • RFC 2723 SRL: A Language for Describing Traffic Flows and Specifying Actions for Flow Groups

  • RFC 2724 RTFM: New Attributes for Traffic Flow Measurement

  • RFC 2745 RSVP Diagnostic Messages*

  • RFC 2746 RSVP Operation Over IP Tunnels

  • RFC 2747 RSVP Cryptographic Authentication

  • RFC 2748 The COPS (Common Open Policy Service) Protocol*

  • RFC 2749 COPS Usage for RSVP 2750 RSVP Extensions for Policy Control

  • RFC 2750 RSVP Extensions for Policy Control*

  • RFC 2753 A Framework for Policy-based Admission Control

  • RFC 2914 Congestion Control Principles 2990 Next Steps for the IP QoS Architecture

  • RFC 2998 A Framework for Integrated Services Operation over Diffserv Networks*

  • RFC 3006 Integrated Services in the Presence of Compressible Traffic Flows

  • RFC 3097 RSVP Cryptographic Authentication -- Updated Message Type Value

  • RFC 3168 The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP

  • RFC 3181 Signaled Preemption Priority Policy Element

  • RFC 3182 Identity Representation for RSVP*

  • RFC 3260 New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv

  • RFC 3644 Policy Quality of Service (QoS) Information Model

  • RFC 3670 Information Model for Describing Network Device QoS Datapath Mechanisms

  • RFC 4323 Data Over Cable System Interface Specification Quality of Service Management Information Base (DOCSIS-QoS MIB)

  • RFC Serial (PPP, ISDN, Compression) RFCs

  • RFC

  • RFC This is a list of RFCs relevant to serial connections:

  • RFC 1144 Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-speed Serial Links*

  • RFC 1332 The PPP Internet Protocol; Control Protocol (IPCP)

  • RFC 1547 Requirements for an Internet Standard Point-to-Point Protocol*

  • RFC 1570 PPP LCP Extensions

  • RFC 1618 PPP over ISDN*

  • RFC 1661 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)*

  • RFC 1662 PPP in HDLC-like Framing*

  • RFC 1663 PPP Reliable Transmission

  • RFC 1841 PPP Network Control Protocol for LAN Extension

  • RFC 1877 PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) Extensions for Name Server Addresses

  • RFC 1915 Variance for the PPP Connection Control Protocol and The PPP Encryption Control Protocol

  • RFC 1962 PPP Compression Control Protocol (CCP)

  • RFC 1963 PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (SDTP)

  • RFC 1967 PPP LZS-DCP Compression Protocol (LZS-DCP)

  • RFC 1968 PPP Encryption Control Protocol (ECP)

  • RFC 1989 PPP Link Quality Monitoring

  • RFC 1990 The PPP Multilink Protocol (MP)

  • RFC 1993 PPP Gandalf FZA Compression Protocol

  • RFC 1994 PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

  • RFC 2043 The PPP SNA Control Protocol (SNACP)

  • RFC 2097 The PPP NetBIOS Frames Control Protocol (NBFCP)

  • RFC 2125 The PPP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP)/ The PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP)

  • RFC 2127 ISDN Management Information Base (MIB) using SMIv2*

  • RFC 2153 PPP Vendor Extensions

  • RFC 2363 PPP over FUNI

  • RFC 2364 PPP over AAL5

  • RFC 2419 The PPP DES Encyption Protocol, Version 2 (DESE-bis)

  • RFC 2420 The PPP Triple-DES Encryption Protocol (3DESE)

  • RFC 2433 Microsoft PPP CHAP Extensions

  • RFC 2484 PPP LCP Internationaliszation Configuration Option

  • RFC 2508 Compressing IP/UDP/RTP Headers for Low-speed Serial Links*

  • RFC 2516 A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)

  • RFC 2615 PPP over SONET/SDH

  • RFC 2686 The Multi-Class Extension to Multi-link PPP*

  • RFC 2687 PPP in a Real-time Oriented HDLC-like Framing*

  • RFC 2688 Integrated Services Mappings for Low-speed Networks*

  • RFC 2689 Providing Integrated Services over Low-bitrate links*

  • RFC 2701 Nortel Networks Multi-link Multi-node PPP Bundle Discovery Protocol

  • RFC 2716 PPP EAP TLS Authentication Protocol

  • RFC 2759 Microsoft PPP CHAP Extensions, Version 2

  • RFC 2823 PPP Over Simple Data Link (SDL) using SONET/SDH with ATM-like Framing

  • RFC 3021 Using 31-bit Prefixes on IPv4 Point-to-Point Links

  • RFC 3241 Robust Header Compression (ROHC) over PPP

  • RFC 3518 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Bridging Control Protocol (BCP)

  • RFC 3544 IP Header Compression over PPP

  • RFC 3748 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

  • RFC 3770 Certificate Extensions and Attributes Supporting Authentication in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)

  • RFC 3772 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Vendor Protocol

  • RFC 3817 Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Active Discovery Relay for PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

  • RFC 3818 IANA Considerations for the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

  • RFC 3544 IP Header Compression over PPP

  • RFC 3578 Mapping of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP) Overlap Signalling to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)

  • RFC 4233 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Q.921-User Adaptation Layer

  • RFC 4334 Certificate Extensions and Attributes Supporting Authentication in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN

  • RFC 4638 Accommodating a Maximum Transit Unit/Maximum Receive Unit (MTU/MRU) Greater Than 1492 in the Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)

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